Dr. F. L. Robertson, a dentist in Bauxite, Arkansas, discovered the presence of mottled enamel among kids after a deep well was dug in 1909 to distribute the local water supply. A hypothesis that certain things in the water were the reason for mottled enamel, led local authorities to forsake the well in 1927. In the year 1930, H. V. Churchill, who was a chemist in the Aluminum Company of America, an aluminum manufacturing firm which owned bauxite mines in the town, used a newly available spectrographic method that recognized very huge concentration of fluoride i.e13.7 ppm in the water found in the abandoned well .Fluoride, the ion of the element fluorine, is almost universally present in soil and water but usually in very less concentrations (less than 1 ppm). While he heard about this new analytic method, McKay parceled the water samples to Churchill from areas where dappled enamel was endemic; these samples had high range of fluoride (2.0-12.0 ppm).

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